A persistent low back pain could quite often be the result of a herniated disc. Herniated disc occurs with age and is therefore a common condition in many people over forty. It strikes most people between the ages of 30 and 50.
The spinal disc is a soft gelatinous substance cushioning the vertebrae that gets rigid with age. When the spinal discs lose their elasticity, they are prone to breakage. If this happens, a portion of the ruptured disc pushes out from between the vertebrae. In itself, a ruptured disc is not problematic. However, the bulge caused by the ruptured disc pinches the nerves and the portion of the spinal cord around the bulge. As these structures become more and more compressed, they cause pain and extreme discomfort.
A herniated disc could be the result of years of strain or abuse of the spine. It could also be the result of an injury or accident (a fall, for example). In fact, injury is the leading cause of herniated discs in people below 30 years of age. It is seen that most people who suffer from herniated discs already suffer from spinal stenosis, a condition where there is little space between the spinal cord and the nerves surrounding them. So, when the disc ruptures, there is further congestion in the area, resulting in irritation and pain.
Herniated discs lead to the improper functioning of the nerves around the area. As a result, nerve signals from the area may be cut off or misinterpreted by the brain. This could lead to a numbing or tingling feeling or a feeling akin to pins and needles. Some people experience a pain that is similar to an electric shock. Muscle weakness and problems in reflexes may also be experienced. In extreme cases, some people may experience problems in urinating or having bowel movements. All of these symptoms are the result of the herniated disc pressing against the nerves.
Approximately 50% of people suffering from herniated discs recover within a month. About 90% of people recover within six months. Only 10% are required to undergo herniated disc surgery. The aim of a herniated disc surgery is to allow more freedom of movement and bring about a reduction of pain.
Before a decision regarding a herniated disc surgery is taken, a number of less aggressive treatment strategies are explored. For instance, doctors may recommend rest, physical therapy, heat or cold compress or anti-inflammatory medication. However, if significant neurological damage is detected, surgical treatment of the herniated disc is recommended.
A herniated disc surgery may be carried out in a number of ways. Endoscopic excisions are common. These days, minimal invasive herniated disc surgeries are becoming more and more common. This kind of surgery reduces risks and speeds up recovery because there is minimal tissue and muscle damage. However, before you opt for a minimally invasive surgery for a herniated disc, it is important to find out if the surgery is truly minimally invasive. In a majority of cases, though there is minimal rupturing of the skin, there is extensive damage to the muscles and tissues inside the body. If that happens, patients cannot derive any advantage from minimally invasive surgeries.